Michelle Bachelet
is a United Nations Under-Secretary-General and the Executive Director
of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of
Women (UN Women). Bachelet who is also the former president of Chile
was in Nigeria recently as part of her week-long official visit to
Senegal, Mali and Nigeria. In this interview during her visit, she
identified challenges faced by women and the way out, among others.
From your experience so far what do you think is the major problem inhibiting women’s progress all over the world?
I think it is mainly the culture of
the society, because women are seen as not capable, but of course they
are capable. We see this in every society. Women are everywhere and they
are building communities and their families, they are playing
important, economic and political roles but they are always put at the
lower levels.
There is need to ensure that women
have presence where decisions are being made. So on one hand the
society, government and parliament need to include the perspective of
men and women as the society. There are some countries like Senegal
where there are more women than men and still women are underrepresented
just like Nigeria and many parts of the world.
Probably there are few places like
Rwanda for example where women have 56% representation in the
parliament, so we know what women can do it. We have good experiences.
We know that women can be good at any level and in any dimension but
there is a patriarchal system that put women as if they are second class
and this accounts for the kind of problems women and girls face
through life`.
What do we need to do to overcome
this? First of all, give girls the same opportunities as boys. We are
not asking more for women than men. Just the same. We need to give them
the same education, the same health, the same possibilities and
afterwards a place in the economy and someday also more women
participating in politics because that is the worst place of
representation.
In Nigeria there is a lot of progress
done by government. In this government in particular there is 33%
representation of female ministers and ministers of states and other
special advisers, permanent representatives, and secretaries of
ministries, and this is important because it is also a good sign for
other women to see women in powerful positions.
But it is not only about number,
because you could have a good number of women in not very powerful
positions but the interesting thing that I have commended everyone
privately and publicly is that there has been a what I call the ‘walk
the talk’ here because women have been put in very relevant positions,
there is the Minister of Finance , it is not the only one in the world
but there are few female Ministers of Finance , you also have the
Minister of Defence , when I was the Minister of Defence in my country,
I was the fifth in the world history and the world has been for so many
years. There is also the Minister of Environment, Water Resources,
Education, Women Affairs and ICT so these are very relevant positions
for the country and for the goals it has set for itself.
Nigeria cannot be among the world’s
top 20 economies in 2020 if it does not have a 50-50 representation of
men and women. If it really wants to get there, there must be equal
opportunities, equal participation, and equal rights for women and men
in the economy and all dimensions in life. The reason is simple you have
a huge population, over 160 million and you can’t make this leap into
one of most the strongest economy in the world if you don’t use these
potentials, especially if all the talents, knowledge and skills is only
in one half of the population. So it is not just a matter of human or
women rights but also doing what the country needs to do to improve all
its conditions. So there are reasons and many different factors, but
things can change for the better and it will make Nigeria to be really
able to reach that goal that is very ambitious as well as possible .
What is UN Women doing to provide enabling environment for the economic empowerment of women?
Well economic empowerment of women is
one of our priorities in Nigeria and in all developing countries. In
the Nordic countries we always say it is not because we are rich
countries and can offer more rights and opportunities for women but we
are rich because we decided as a strategy for development to include
women. So from the beginning women have access to education, now we are
benefitting from that because women are professional workers at all
levels of the economy so economic participation of women is essential
for the society, for the economy, for the women and their families, when
a woman has an income, she invests 90% of her income in the family, in
health education, security among others.
First of all, we make a lot of
advocacy, we say without women it wouldn’t be possible or to deal with
all the challenges because if we talk about economy in 2020, we talk of
food security, in this country women are at least 60% of the
agricultural labour force and they produce 80% of the food, so we if
don’t provide women with all the access they can’t increase the
production, they can’t be a very important part of the solution or food
prices.
Aside advocacy, we also have projects
for women. We also support specific more vulnerable women to do things
better, be more productive, to increase responsibility and on the other
hand we work with partners in the UN system, governments to encourage
them to take measures for women economic empowerment. Like in Ushafa
community where there is a pottery centre and the UN Women is providing
bigger infrastructure, financial utilities and supporting the capacity
to get closer to national and international markets .We also have other
programmes in different regions of Nigeria supporting women’s economic
empowerment.
I think it is important that in 2012
the central bank decided to introduce 40 % quota for women as senior
managers and 30% quota at the boards of banks for women in Nigeria and
international experience show that this is very good because it improves
the performance of any company and the banks.
I will also want to find out from my
meeting with them if it is going to start three to four year funding
projects for women who want to start business or women entrepreneurs.
So though the problems are not all solved yet but there is a lot of
progress done and I hope that these other measures are implemented so
that the Nigerian woman can be economically empowered.
What are the main achievements of UN Women?
We have made achievements in a few
years that have changed the history of hundred years of women and girls
in discrimination and exclusion. The main achievement so far is
maintaining and putting in a higher place the women rights and
empowerment agenda. In many places we have started economic projects for
women in the economic arena. We have made political achievements. We
have supported since September 2011 and particularly in 2012 a lot of
elections going on in the world. We have supported women candidates in
Libya, we made campaigns for women to go and vote, and secondly we held
workshops for women to feel comfortable and confident to run as
candidates for elections. I am not saying we got them elected. That is
between them and the people. We provided them with the tools, knowledge
and support they needed. In Senegal in the last elections last year,
there were parity laws against women. We gave technical assistance and
advocacy et cetera and 43 % of parliamentarians elected are female.
In the area of violence against women,
we have developed campaigns and we have been developing a lot of
different materials to support the struggle of violence against women
and we have pushed for laws particularly laws that outlaw violence
against women .In the UN General Assembly in December , UN women played
roles in making and clarifying two important resolutions. The first
one is on violence against women, calling member states to accelerate
progress on stopping violence against women and the second is on
banning female genital mutilation.
There were other resolutions about
human trafficking, as you know 80% of people who are trafficked today in
the world are women and girls, 80 % for sexual slavery and the rest of
labours. There are different areas, in some we make advocacy, in some we
support particular projects and our work is always demand driven. We
don’t just come to any country and say this is the recipe, that is why
you can decide, we share experiences, technical we respect and provide
it requests, so we respect sovereignty and ownership of the country.
DailyTrust
The
researchers studied 91 children from three communities in China, Fiji
and Ecuador aged from about 19 months to five years old with a
live-action play that was similar to the classic false-belief test. The
only difference in their version of the test was that as the other
person came in to pocket the scissors, he paused, held his chin, and
said: "Hmm, I wonder where they'll look for the scissors." Video
recordings of the children's reactions to the play showed that the
youngsters consistently looked at the hiding place, indicating that they
expected the first man to search for the scissors where he had left
them.
