UNITED
States president, Mr. Barack Obama, has ruled out the traditional
one-on-one meetings with any of the African leaders, including Nigeria’s
President Goodluck Jonathan and South Africa’s Jacob Zuma, just as the
US government prepares for an unprecedented meeting between the American
leader and 50 African heads of state early next month in Washington DC.
There has been a debate in the last few weeks within and outside
US official circles on the diplomatic risks involved in the US bringing
African presidents to the capital without according them the respects
and courtesies of having a one-on-one meeting with their American
counterpart.
Even some African intellectuals abroad are worried that African
leaders are being “herded” back and forth from China to Europe, instead
of what they consider a dignified one-on-one meeting on basis of mutual
respect.
Some of the suggestions considered by the US government,
according to sources, included having President Obama meet one-on-one
with, at least, two top African leaders — Jonathan and Jacob Zuma (of
South Africa), or meet individually with heads of the regional groups
like ECOWAS and also the leadership of the African Union.
But the US government has now rejected any individual meeting of
any kind, citing lack of time and unwillingness to meet some African
leaders and not others.
Instead, US Assistant Secretary of State for Africa, Ms. Linda
Thomas-Greenfield, announced last week that President Obama will spend
time with all the African presidents together during the US-Africa
summit from August 4 to 7 in Washington DC.
While African Ambassadors are yet to speak out on this, the
decision has not gone down well with some US business network with
interests in Africa and also some Washington DC policy wonks.
Specifically, one of the leading American business groups on
Africa, Corporate Council for Africa, CCA, based in the US capital has
been trying unsuccessfully to ensure that Obama holds one-on-one
meetings with African presidents just like the Chinese President did
when a similar Africa summit was held in Beijing.
Indeed in 2007, for instance, China hosted 48 African presidents
and the Chinese President held individual meetings with them one by one.
Policy wonks in Washington DC, based on foreign policy
think-tanks, including the Brookings Institution, also proposed the idea
of Obama meeting at least some of the African presidents. An article
from the think-tank suggested that Obama should hold individual meetings
with the leadership of Africa Union, AU and heads of the regional
economic communities, which represent each of the five regions of
Africa.
According to CCA President, Stephen Hayes, when China hosted
Africa leaders “nearly every African head of state flew to Beijing and
met Chinese leadership one-on-one and dined at a state dinner in the
Great Hall. No leader of Africa was uninvited and the Chinese
entertained the leaders lavishly and made commitments towards the
development of most of the countries attending. A $20 billion commitment
of aid to Africa was made, and that has since been supplemented by
another $10 billion.”
Besides the US government’s decision not to entertain any of the
African leaders for one-on-one bilateral sessions, leaders from
Zimbabwe, Sudan and Eritrea have not been invited. Even though the US
decision not to invite these three African presidents caused a little
stir within the African Union Secretariat, the US government explained
that it was not hosting the US-Africa summit on the basis of AU but on
the basis of US relationships with each of the invited leaders and their
countries.
Speaking last week on the US government plans for the summit, and
the decision that Obama will not hold individual meetings, US Assistant
Secretary of State, Ms. Linda Thomas-Greenfield said “trying to figure
out what – to try to determine who the President should meet with among
the 51 if he couldn’t meet with all 51 is a very, very difficult
decision, and I wouldn’t want to make that decision.”
According to her, “I think we’ve come up with the best solution
that we think will work, and that is having the President engage
throughout the summit. And there will be lots of time for leaders to
engage with the President.”
But she said categorically, “we’ve made the decision that there
will not be one-on-one bilaterals between the President and the heads of
state. There are 54 of them, and what the President plans to do is
spend a tremendous amount of quality time during the three days of the
summit.”
She disclosed that on the day of the actual leaders’ summit on
August 6th, the US President will be at that event for all three
sessions. He will be also participating in other events during the
prior two days, in addition to hosting a dinner at the White House for
all the heads of state.
The exclusion of personal meeting between Obama and Jonathan is
particularly significant because the US president had concluded an
African trip last year without a stop in Nigeria, causing some
diplomatic tension in US-Nigeria relations.
Then hopes were expressed that Obama would later invite Jonathan
to the White House. But Nigeria’s Ambassador to the United States, Prof
Ade Adefuye said over the weekend that the decision of the US government
not to hold one-on-one meetings with any of the African leaders during
the US-Africa summit is understandable as that may lead to a controversy
if he met some leaders and left out others.
Adefuye, however, argued that the more important consideration is
for the US to come up with quality offers of trading and investment with
Africa, conceding that indeed the “Americans are coming in late, but
they can bring quality and that is our challenge to them.”
However, some American observers including journalists and policy
analysts do not like the decision not to hold individuals meetings,
pointing to how not only the Chinese, but the Europeans and the Japanese
governments which had held such large Africa summits ensured that there
were one-on-one meetings between their leaders and their African
counterparts.
In his press release, for instance, the CCA President noted that
when Japan hosted a similar summit, “ Prime Minister Shinzo Abe gave
each of the 46 African leaders a 15 minute meeting over a three-day
period.”
The CCA leader is interpreting the refusal of Obama to give African leaders a one-on-one meeting as a break of protocol.
Said he, “the White House has told African ambassadors and others
that no African leader will be given a one-on-one meeting with President
Obama during the August summit, a fact that has caused some African
leaders to ask what is the utility of the trip. This breaks all protocol
tradition as the Africans know it.”
Continuing, Hayes added that instead of a one-on-one meeting what
the African presidents received was an invitation to “an interactive
dialogue” with the American president on August 6.
Querying that stance, he said “what, many ask, is an interactive
dialogue? There will be a state dinner on the White House lawn for all
presidents the evening before, but once the interactive dialogue is
concluded the next day, so too is the summit. There is to be no final
document, another break with protocol. No doubt Obama will shake the
hand of each president, but there will be little substantive dialogue.”
According to the CCA President, “the African leaders have been
asked to come to Washington for at least three days, with a Monday
morning program focusing on civil society and an afternoon with
Congress, organized by Sen. Chris Coons, D-Delaware, Chairman of the
Senate subcommittee on Africa. Currently, the White House has asked
various cabinet secretaries to host African heads of state for private
dinners that evening. This, too, is a very different approach to
diplomacy.
Continuing he said “Cabinet secretaries and African government
ministers rank below heads of state, of course, and protocol-sensitive
heads of state may seriously question whether they should attend.
Furthermore, who is hosted by the secretary of state or the secretary of
defense will be noted by those hosted by less.”
The US-Africa summit opens on August 4 and continues until the
7th with several events and sessions in the US capital city including
one that involves the wives of the African leaders meeting with Mrs.
Michelle Obama.
TheGuardian.