* Reduced risk seen in mothers who took folic acid from four weeks before to eight weeks after pregnancy start.
* Taking supplement up to 12 weeks of pregnancy known to protect against spina difida
Women who take folic acid supplements
early in their pregnancy may reduce their child’s risk of autism by 40
per cent, a study found.
But mothers-to-be should start taking
them four weeks before conceiving and eight weeks afterwards to get the
full benefit for their unborn child.
The timing of taking prenatal supplements is critical, scientists warn.
Folic acid - Vitamin B9 - is required
for DNA synthesis and repairs. It’s naturally occurring form, folate, is
found in leafy vegetables, peas, lentils, beans, eggs, yeast, and
liver.
Folic acid is known to protect against
spina bifida and other neural tube defects in children but the latest
research, which looks at more than 85,000 babies born in Norway between
2002 and 2008, shows that it may offer protection against Autism
Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Epidemiologist Pel Surin of the
Norwegian Institute of Public Health said: ‘We examined the rate of
autism spectrum disorders in children born to mothers who did or did not
take folic acid during pregnancy.
‘There was a dramatic reduction in the risk of autistic disorder in children born to mothers who took folic acid supplements.’
Since 1998 the Norwegian health
authorities recommended that all women planning to become pregnant take a
daily supplement of folic acid from one month before the start of
pregnancy.
Scientists looked at the Norwegian
Mother and Child Cohort Study and its sub-study of autism, the Autism
Birth Cohort Study in which 85,176 babies born between 2002 and 2008
participated.
In the study, published Journal of the
American Medical Association, expectant mother’s dietary habits were
recorded and families were regularly surveyed for three to 10 years to
measure the development of autism spectrum disorders.
A total of 270 cases of autism
spectrum disorders were identified in the study population - 114
autistic disorder; 56 Asperger syndrome; and 100 atypical or unspecified
autism, otherwise known as pervasive developmental disorder not
otherwise specified.
The study found mothers who took folic
acid supplements in early pregnancy had a 40 per cent reduced risk of
having children with autistic disorder compared with mothers who did not
take the supplement.
The reduction in risk for autistic
disorder - the most severe form - was observed in those who took folic
acid from 4 weeks before to 8 weeks after the start of pregnancy.
No reduction in risk was observed for
atypical or unspecified autism while for Asperger syndrome the number of
children was too low to obtain sufficient evidence.
The study found the use of folic acid
in early pregnancy increased substantially from 2002, 43 per cent, to
2008, 85 per cent, among women who participated in the Norwegian
research.
However, many women began taking folic acid later than recommended, and only half started before the beginning of pregnancy
The researchers also analysed whether
the risk of autistic disorder was influenced by the use of other dietary
supplements, such as cod liver oil and omega-3 fatty acids or vitamins
and minerals, but found not link.
In recent years, researchers have
started to investigate whether folic acid has other beneficial effects
on the development of the foetus’ brain and spinal cord.
A study of language development in the
Norwegian cohort published in 2011 showed that children whose mothers
took folic acid supplements in early pregnancy had only half the risk of
severe language delay at age three years compared with other children.
A separate 2011 study from the
University of California demonstrated a lower risk of autism spectrum
disorders in children of mothers who had used prenatal vitamin
supplements during pregnancy.
Prenatal vitamin supplements contain folic acid in combination with other vitamins and minerals.
Professor of Epidemiology Ezra Susser
at Columbia University added: ‘Our findings extend earlier work on the
significance of folate in brain development and raise the possibility of
an important and inexpensive public health intervention for reducing
the burden of autism spectrum disorders.’
DailyTrust
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